Postpartum depression: association with genetic polymorphisms of noradrenaline metabolic enzymes and the risk factors / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the association of genetic polymorphisms of norepinephrine metabolizing enzymes with postpartum depression and analyze the risk factors for postpartum depression in women following cesarean section.@*METHODS@#A total of 591 Chinese woman of Han Nationality undergoing caesarean section were enrolled in this study. The diagnosis of postpartum depression was established for an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score ≥9. For all the women without antepartum depression, the genotypes of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT; at 5 sites including rs2020917 and rs737865) and monoamine oxidase A (rs6323) were determined using Sequenom Mass Array single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. We analyzed the contribution of the genetic factors (SNPs, linkage disequilibrium and haplotype) to postpartum depression and performed logistic regression analysis to identify all the potential risk factors for postpartum depression and define the interactions between the genetic and environmental factors.@*RESULTS@#The incidence of postpartum depression was 18.1% in this cohort. Univariate analysis suggested that COMT polymorphism at rs2020917 (TT genotype) and rs737865 (GG genotype) were significantly correlated with the occurrence of postpartum depression ( < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that COMT polymorphism at rs2020917 (TT genotype) and rs737865 (GG genotype), severe stress during pregnancy, and domestic violence were the risk factors for postpartum depression ( < 0.05); no obvious interaction was found between the genetic polymorphisms and the environmental factors in the occurrence of postpartum depression.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The rs2020917TT and rs737865GG genotypes of COMT, stress in pregnancy, and domestic violence are the risk factors for postpartum depression.

Correlation between kynurenine metabolites and postpartum depression / 中南大学学报(医学版)

To explore the correlation between kynurenine (KYN) metabolites and postpartum depression (PPD), and to provide new possible explanation for the pathogenesis of postpartum depression (PPD).
 Methods: A total of 726 Chinese women, who received cesarean section, were enrolled in this study. PPD was diagnosed with an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score ≥13. Twenty-four women with PPD and 48 matched women without PPD were randomly selected. The perinatal serum concentrations of KYN, quinolinic acid (QUIN) and kynurenic acid (KYNA) were measured. Subsequently, the puerperants were compared for the differences in the serum concentrations of KYN, QUIN and KYNA at the end of term, day 1 and day 3 after cesarean section, respectively.
 Results: The incidence of PPD was 7.99%. Of clinical characteristics, pressure during pregnancy was significantly different between subjects with or without PPD (P<0.01). Patients with PPD showed significantly increased serum KYN concentration (P<0.05) at the end of term, increased serum QUIN concentration (P<0.05) and decreased KYNA concentration (P<0.05) on the third day after cesarean section as compared with the control women. Furthermore, the KYNA/QUIN ratio was significantly higher in patients with PPD as compared to the control women on the third day after cesarean section (P<0.01).
 Conclusion: The contribution of alterations in plasma levels of KYN, QUIN and KYNA is closely related with the incidence of PPD, and correction of KYNA/QUIN ratio could be a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of postpartum depressive symptoms.

Correlations between BDNF genetic polymorphism and postpartum depression in cesarean section parturient / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To study the correlations between the genetic polymorphism of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the postpartum depression (PPD) in cesarean section parturient. Methods Three hundred and sixty parturients, who underwent cesarean section under spinal anesthesia from Feb. 2014 to Feb. 2015 in Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University or Hunan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, were selected as subjects. The general information of parturients was recorded and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to evaluate the depression condition of parturients at the prenatal 1 day and the 42th day postpartum, and with a cut-off point of 12/13 for identifying PPD. The genotypes of BDNF gene locus G712A, rs56164415, rs11030100, rs11030101 and rs6265 were measured by Sequenom? Mass Array SNP. Finally, the correlations of PPD to different genotypes and general information of parturients were statistically analyzed. Results The incidence of PPD among the selected subjects was 7.2%. Pregnancy mental stress, poor pregnancy mood, perinatal elevated monocyte count, prenatal depression mood and BDNF gene locus rs6265 mutation all could affect the incidence of PPD in cesarean section parturients (P0.05), and their haploid forms were not related to PPD also. Conclusion BDNF rs6265CC genotype, pregnancy mental stress, poor pregnancy mood, perinatal elevated monocyte count and prenatal depression mood are the risk factors for postpartum depression.

Effect of MDR1 gene polymorphisms on neuromuscular block of rocuronium / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of MDR1 gene polymorphisms on the neuromuscular block of rocuronium. Methods One hundred thirty-five patients, aged 18-50 yr, with body mass index of 18-25 kg∕m2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, undergoing gynecologic laparoscopic operation under general anesthesia, were enrolled in the study. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 006 mg∕kg, sufentanil 07 μg∕kg, propofol(target plasma concentration 6 μg∕ml)and remifentanil(target plasma concentration 6 ng∕ml). After the patients lost consciousness, neuromuscular block was assessed with TOF-Watch SX accelerometer, and rocuronium 06 mg∕kg was intravenously injec-ted. Anesthesia was maintained by target-controlled infusion of propofol(target plasma concentration 3-5 μg∕ml)and remifentanil(target plasma concentration 3-6 ng∕ml). Rocuronium 015 mg∕kg was added when T1reached 25% of control. The onset time of rocuronium, maintenance time of induction dose, main-tenance time of additional dose and recovery index were recorded. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected for MDR1 genotype(MDR1 1236 C>T and 3435 C>T)analysis using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results For MDR1 1236 C>T genotype, there were 19 cases of MDR1 1236 CC genotype, 72 cases of MDR1 1236 TT genotype, 44 cases of MDR1 1236 CT genotype. Compared with patients of MDR1 1236 CC, the maintenance time of induction dose, maintenance time of additional dose and recovery index were significantly prolonged in patients of MDR1 1236 TT and CT geno-types(P<005). For MDR1 3435 C>T genotype, there were 58 cases of MDR1 3435 CC genotype, 55 cases of MDR1 3435 TT genotype, 22 cases of MDR1 3435 TC genotype. There was no significant differ-ence in maintenance time of induction dose, maintenance time of additional dose and recovery index among patients of different MDR1 3435 C>T genotypes(P>005). Conclusion MDR1 1236 C>T gene poly-morphisms affects the neuromuscular block of rocuronium, and the genetic factor may be one of the reasons contributing to the individual variation in the efficacy.

Delayed effect of isoflurane on hippocampal proteome after anesthesia in adult and aged rats / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Objective To investigate the delayed alteration of hippocampus proteome after an-esthesia with isoflurane in aduh and aged rats. Methods Ten 8-month-old SD rats were randomly divided into group Caduh and group Iadult (5 in each group) , and another ten 22-month-old SD rats were randomly divided into group Caged and group Iaged (5 in each group). The rats in group Iadult and group Iaged received 2 h anesthesia with 1.2 % isoflurane. The rats in group Cadult and group Caged inhaled 40% oxygen for contrast. The hippocampal proteome of each rat was measured by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Results The vital signs of the rats in group Iadult and group Iaged were stable. There were 878±34 protein spots in group Cadult, 864±49 protein spots in group Iadult, 834±47 in group Caged, and 819±24 in group Iaged. There were 12 (4/8)different protein spots between group Iadult and group Cadult. There were 11 (3/8) different protein spots between group Iaged and group Caged. All of the protein spots were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. Most of the different proteins were related to metabolism, anti-oxidation, and signal conditioning of synapse. Conclusion Isoflurane may cause the alteration of hippocampal pro-teome in rats, which is age-related.

The effect of vitamin D receptor in intestinal tract tissue / 中国药理学通报

Vitamin D receptor(VDR) is a steroid hormone. VDR may regulate the gene expressions and activities of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and p-glycoprotein(p-gp) when it combines with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamine D31,25-(OH)2D3 or lithocholic acid (LCA), which exert important roles in the regulation of human biological function.